加味逍遥散联合三维适形放疗对原发性肝癌患者血清生长因子及免疫功能的影响

目的:观察加味逍遥散联合三维适形放疗对原发性肝癌(PLC)患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取90例PLC患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组采用经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合三维适形放疗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合加味逍遥散治疗。对比2组中医证候疗效和实体瘤疗效,观察治疗前后血清HGF、TGF-β1及免疫功能指标的变化,记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组中医证候改善率97.78%,高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组实体瘤疗效有效率略高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组HGF水平均升高(P<0.05),TGF-β1水平均降低(P<0.05),观察组2项指标水平升高或降低幅度均大于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)值均升高(P<0.05),观察组以上4项指标值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗过程中均无严重不良反应发生。结论:加味逍遥散联合三维适形放疗治疗PLC可提高临床疗效,改善患者的免疫功能,调节机体血清相关因子。     

HER2阳性乳腺癌治疗模式的进展和优化

随着抗人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2 ，HER2）抗肿瘤药物的不断出现及广泛应用，HER2 阳性乳腺癌患者的治疗以及预后得到了显著的改善。PEONY 研究结果的发布再次奠定了帕妥珠单抗+曲妥珠单抗的双靶治疗模式在新辅助治疗领域中的地位；结合TRYPHAENA 和TRAIN-2 两项研究，紫杉类+铂类应该是抗HER2 双靶治疗的首选化疗方案，疗程宜6 个周期。结合中国乳腺癌新辅助治疗专家共识和辅助APT 研究的最新随访结果，新辅助治疗适用人群为肿瘤直径超过3 cm 和/或淋巴结阳性的患者，新辅助治疗后如果没有获得pCR，T-DM1 应该是辅助治疗的首选模式，帕妥珠单抗+曲妥珠单抗的双靶辅助模式期待PEONY 研究的后续生存随访；对于没有淋巴结转移的小肿瘤（≤3 cm）低危患者可以考虑免除新辅助治疗，采取直接手术+术后给予曲妥珠单抗联合单药紫杉醇的辅助治疗模式。曲妥珠单抗+帕妥珠单抗联合紫杉类药物依然是晚期HER2 阳性患者的标准一线治疗；对于中国患者而言，吡咯替尼联合卡培他滨可以作为二线的优选；T-DM1 可以作为三线及后线选择；曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、T-DM1 治疗失败的情况下，DS-8201 成为新的选择模式；伴有脑转移的HER2 阳性晚期乳腺癌患者则可以考虑图卡替尼与曲妥珠单抗和卡培他滨的联合治疗模式。     

RIC3, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,and neuroinflammation

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels having many functions including inflammation control, as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Genome wide association studies implicated RIC3, a chaperone of nAChRs, in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory disease. To understand the involvement of RIC3 in inflammatory diseases we examined its expression, regulation, and function in activated immune cells. Our results show that immune activation leads to dynamic changes in RIC3 expression, in a mouse model of MS and in human lymphocytes and macrophages. We also show similarities in the expression dynamics of RIC3 and CHRNA7, encoding for the α7 nAChR subunit. Homomeric α7 nAChRs were shown to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic agonists. Thus, similarity in expression dynamics between RIC3 and CHRNA7 is suggestive of functional concordance. Indeed, siRNA mediated silencing of RIC3 in a mouse macrophage cell line eliminates the anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic agonists. Furthermore, we show increased average expression of RIC3 and CHRNA7 in lymphocytes from MS patients, and a strong correlation between expression levels of these two genes in MS patients but not in healthy donors. Together, our results are consistent with a role for RIC3 and for the mechanisms regulating its expression in inflammatory processes and in neuroinflammatory diseases.     

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34);DEK-NUP214 shows a favourable outcome when performed in first complete remission

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with t(6;9)(p23;q34) is a poor-risk entity, commonly associated with FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication). Allogeneic stem-cell tranplantation (allo-SCT) is recommended, although studies analysing the outcome of allo-SCT in this setting are lacking. We selected 195 patients with t(6;9) AML, who received a first allo-SCT between 2000 and 2016 from the EBMT (European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation) registry. Disease status at time of allo-SCT was the strongest independent prognostic factor, with a two-year leukaemia-free survival and relapse incidence of 57% and 19% in patients in CR1 (first complete remission), 34% and 33% in CR2 (second complete remission), and 24% and 49% in patients not in remission, respectively (P < 0·001). This study, which represents the largest one available in t(6;9) AML, supports the recommendation to submit these patients to allo-SCT in CR1.     

SCI源期刊近5年关于针刺偏头痛的RCT类研究

目的:通过分析SCI源论文为今后的临床研究提供借鉴、参考;方法:通过Pub Med数据库检索近5年偏头痛的SCI源论文,分析其中的临床治疗类论文(即RCT类论文),进行归纳整理、总结分析。结果:①SCI源论文中假针刺组的设置没有统一的标准,具有随意性;②SCI源论文中对针刺治疗偏头痛疗效有客观指标进行评估;③针刺的安全性及紧急治疗需要列入考虑。结论:针刺治疗对照组的设置仍需进一步的考量与完善。客观评价指标的出现是一大进步,但检查指标还需要更多的试验甚至多中心的试验进行验证。     

Inhibition of Frizzled-2 by small interfering RNA protects rat hepatic BRL-3A cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation

Frizzled-2 plays an important role in maintaining normal hepatic cell functionality. This study aimed to investigate the role of inhibition of Frizzled-2 in protecting rat liver BRL-3A cells from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R). In vitro H/R hepatic cell model was established by culturing BRL-3A cells under H/R condition. Frizzled-2 siRNA was transfected into BRL-3A cells to inhibit Frizzled-2 signaling. Wnt5a and Frizzled-2 were significantly increased in BRL-3A cells upon H/R treatment. H/R treatment induced cell cytotoxicity, the early apoptosis rate and the intracellular Ca²⁺ level in BRL-3A cells while silencing frizzled-2 gene decreased the H/R induced cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis and intracellular Ca²⁺ level. In vivo mice study further showed the up-regulation of Frizzled-2/Wnt 5 pathway and cleaved Caspase-3 expression in liver tissues under ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). In summary, inhibition of Frizzled-2 by its siRNA may protects BRL-3A cells by attenuating the H/R induced cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis.     

Polyglobulie rare par mutation du gène EGLN1 : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

IntroductionThe origin of polycythemia is often simple to detect. Sometimes it is necessary to look for hereditary forms, the decisive parameters being the dosage of erythropoietin and the measurement of the oxygen dissociation curve (P50). These rare diseases are related to high oxygen-affinity haemoglobins, abnormalities of the erythropoietin receptor or dysfunction of the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) pathway.Case reportWe report the case of a 56-year-old patient with unexplained polycythemia associated with normal serum erythropoietin and normal P50, in whom the never previously described mutation c.400C>T (p.Gln134*) on exon 1 in the EGLN1 gene (encoding PHD2) was found.ConclusionIn the face of an unexplained polycythemia a good cooperation between clinicians and biologists is necessary to be able to characterize rare hereditary pathologies.